The first Sapa Inca Manco Capac defeated the Sahuares, Huallas, and the Alchahuisas to gain control of the area. Though many “Incas” controlled the empire during its reign, there were a few notable rulers to highlight. At its height, the Inca empire extended from Columbia to Chile (3,500 miles) which exceeded the expansion of the Roman Empire! Notable Leaders Before the Inca expansion drove them out, the Killke took over the area until well into the 1400’s. The Qotacalla settled the Sacred Valley from approximately 500-900 AD. The Chanapata settled this area as early as 800 BC due to the fertile soil of the valley. The valley mirrors the Milky Way Galaxy which further strengthened the idea that the Gods placed the Inca in this area.īefore the Inca conquered it, the Sacred Valley was home to other civilizations. This fact was vital in growing maize, an important staple crop for the Inca. The valley’s lower elevation increased the temperature compared to the surrounding areas. Its fertile soil was key to supporting the empire through its growing expansion over the next few hundred years. The Inca gained control of the Sacred Valley approximately 1100-1200 AD through diplomacy or conquest. However, since most of us were taught that the the term Inca refers to the citizens of the empire, that is how I will use it. The title was typically passed down through birth, from father to son or among brothers. Thought to have descended from the sun, the Sapa Inca was the supreme leader. The term Inca actually refers to the supreme leader of the empire. The literal translation of this was the place of the four corners referring to the four regions of the empire:
Later, upon expansion of the empire by the ruler Pachacutec, the empire became known as the Tahuantinsuyu Empire. In reality, the name of the people of the Inca empire was based on the name of the ayllu, or extended family group, that was in control. I want to start by discussing the term Inca. Far below in the Sacred Valley, the Urubamba River cuts through this fertile landscape. The dry season, May-October, sees less rain but temperatures can vary greatly from day to night. However, with the clouds in place, the temperatures do not swing as drastically from day to night. The rainy season, November-April, has a higher chance of rain including periods of heaver rain. Due to its location, the Sacred Valley has two seasons. However, its highest peaks soar over 19,000 ft (Veronica- 19,334 ft and Sahuasiray- 19,088ft). Best known for its importance in growing maize and sitting high in the Andes Mountains, the valley ranges approximately 7,000 to 10,000 feet above sea level. Formed by the Urubamba River, it generally runs east to west from Pisac to Ollantaytambo. The Sacred Valley, located in Peru, was the heart of the Inca Empire.
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